//This page contains personal notes regarding installation and use of Debian or Ubuntu systems.//

====== Installation ======

It's possible to boot on the CD using a specific kernel (in particular a 2.6 kernel). Check out options.
To select all packages one by one: /usr/sbin/base-config 

====== Hardware installation ======

===== Know your hardware =====

Before you struggle opening the box or finding the adequate screwdriver, you can try out the following:

  * Have a look in the BIOS
  * Memorize information displayed at boot time
  * dmesg 
  * view /var/log/messages
  * list PCI devices: **lspci**
  * list USB devices: **lsusb**
  * list hardware: **lshw**. To select a given type (network): lshw -C network
  * list SCSI devices (useful for SATA disks): cat /proc/scsi/scsi


===== ATI Radeon X1250 Video card =====

I have an ATI Radeon X1250 (X1200 Series).
aticonfig (aticonfig --initial -f), log file in /usr/share/ati

==== Installation ====

  * Download the driver from ATI's website.
  * Run the script: /usr/share/ati
  * Initial configuration: /usr/X11R6/bin/aticonfig --initial (try just aticonfig first)
  * To get the ATI Catalyst Control Center to work:
      * install libstdc++5 
      * run amdcccle

The installation should automatically update /etc/X11/xorg.conf. In particular,
<code>
Section "ServerLayout"
        Identifier     "Default Layout"
        Screen      0  "aticonfig-Screen[0]" 0 0
        InputDevice    "Generic Keyboard"
        InputDevice    "Configured Mouse"
        InputDevice    "stylus" "SendCoreEvents"
        InputDevice    "eraser" "SendCoreEvents"
        InputDevice    "cursor" "SendCoreEvents"
        InputDevice    "pad"
        Option         "BlankTime"      "10"
        Option         "StandbyTime"    "20"
        Option         "SuspendTime"    "30"
        Option         "OffTime"        "40"
EndSection

Section "Device"
        Identifier  "aticonfig-Device[0]"
        Driver      "fglrx"
        Option      "UseInternalAGPGART" "no"
EndSection
Section "Screen"
        Identifier "aticonfig-Screen[0]"
        Device     "aticonfig-Device[0]"
        Monitor    "LCD"
        DefaultDepth     24
        SubSection "Display"
                Viewport   0 0
                Depth     24
                Modes     "1024x768_60.00"
        EndSubSection
EndSection
</code>

==== Get information ====
<code>
# fglrxinfo
display: :0.0  screen: 0
OpenGL vendor string: ATI Technologies Inc.
OpenGL renderer string: ATI Radeon X1200 Series
OpenGL version string: 1.2 (2.0.6958 Release)
</code>

==== Uninstall ====

  Run fglrx-uninstall.sh

===== Philips 150S LCD Monitor =====

The best refresh rate for this monitor is definetely 60Mhz (though it supports 75Mhz).

In /etc/X11/xorg.conf:
<code>
Section "Monitor"
        Identifier   "LCD"
        Option       "VendorName" "PHILIPS"
        Option       "ModelName" "150S"
        HorizSync    30 - 61
        VertRefresh  60
        Option      "DPMS"
EndSection
</code>

===== Wacom graphic tablet =====

I am the happy owner of a Wacom Graphire input tablet. It turned out to be very simple to get it to work on Debian etch, because the default tablet already provides the necessary kernel module (name: wacom).

I had to modify /etc/X11/xorg.conf as follows:
<code>
Section "InputDevice"
Driver "wacom"
Identifier "stylus"
Option "Device" "/dev/input/wacom" # USB ONLY
Option "Type" "stylus"
Option "USB" "on" # USB ONLY
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
Driver "wacom"
Identifier "eraser"
Option "Device" "/dev/input/wacom" # USB ONLY
Option "Type" "eraser"
Option "USB" "on" # USB ONLY
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
Driver "wacom"
Identifier "cursor"
Option "Device" "/dev/input/wacom" # USB ONLY
Option "Type" "cursor"
Option "USB" "on" # USB ONLY
EndSection
# This section is for Intuos3, Cintiq 21UX, Graphire4, or Bamboo
Section "InputDevice"
Driver "wacom"
Identifier "pad"
Option "Device" "/dev/input/wacom" # USB ONLY
Option "Type" "pad"
Option "USB" "on" # USB ONLY
EndSection
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "Default Layout"
Screen "Default Screen"
InputDevice "Generic Keyboard"
InputDevice "Configured Mouse"
InputDevice "stylus" "SendCoreEvents"
InputDevice "eraser" "SendCoreEvents"
InputDevice "cursor" "SendCoreEvents"
InputDevice "pad"
EndSection
</code>

In [[http://www.gimp.org|GIMP]], it must be configured too: Preferences -> Input Devices -> Configure Extended Input Devices
and put all pad, stylus, eraser to "screen" (this is so that the tablet maps the entire screen, which is the way I want to behave).

===== Mustek ScanExpress 6000P =====

I have an old Mustek scanner, on the parallel port. I managed to install it on my Debian without too much trouble, except my scanner is probably broken (hardware!) but that's another issue ;-)

To install it, you need [[http://www.sane-project.org/|SANE]] and the [[http://penguin-breeder.org/sane/mustek_pp/|Mustek]] backend. 

Then, it /etc/sane.d/dll.conf: leave net and mustek_pp. You can erase everything else...
In /etc/sane.d/mustek_pp.conf : put the following configuration:
<code>
scanner mustek-6000P * ccd300
        option top 56
        option wait-lamp 15
        option niceload
</code>
The options are recommended options I have found on the web, I am not so sure they are really necessary. The top option will ignore a few lines at the top of the page, the wait-lamp is some kind of pre-heating for the scanner, and the niceload option actually makes the scan slower.

You should now be able to scan, using xscanimage or xsane. At least as root.
If the scanner is on parallel port, you need libieee1284 to use it as a normal user. Then set adequate permissions to /dev/parport0 (chgrp users /dev/parport0)

Finally, to debug, try out those settings:
<code>
SANE_DEBUG_MUSTEK_PP=1 scanimage -L
or even SANE_DEBUG_MUSTEK_PP=128 scanimage -L
</code>

====== Boot loader ======

To re-install GRUB:
  * boot on the host, mount disks and find /usr/sbin/grub
  * launch /usr/sbin/grub:
<code>
root (hd0,1)
or find /boot/grub/stage1
setup (hd0)
quit
</code>
The setup line actually resets the MBR. Of course, another way to do that is to copy back the MBR (using dd).


====== Partitions, file systems ======

To list partitions of your disk:
<code>
fdisk /dev/sda (or hda... or something that matches your disk)
</code>
or **cat /proc/partitions**.

Windows is unable to format FAT 32 partitions bigger than 32Go, but Linux can do it (and then Windows can access those partitions):

<code>
mkfs -t vfat -F 32 /dev/sda3
</code>

Mounting Windows partitions under a given identity with a given mask
<code>
mount -t vfat -o rw,user,gid=users,dmask=0000,fmask=0111 /dev/hda... /mntpoint
</code>

Beware, NTFS partitions in RW is still really experimental for 2.6 kernels (possible to modify existing files, but not to create new ones !)

To list all mounted systems, use **mount** or **cat /proc/mounts**.

====== Kernel ======


===== Kernel modules =====

    * File Systems -> File System in User Space (FUSE) : useful for Encfs
    * Networking options -> network filtering (replaces ipchains)
    * Device drivers-> block devices -> CONFIG_BLK_DEV_LOOP: loopback
    * Device drivers -> block devices -> CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD: initial RAM file system
    * Drivers -> USB input : wacom


===== Loading modules =====

  * to start up a module at boot : /etc/modules
  * to make sure a module is not loaded : /etc/hotplug/blacklist
  * to disable IPv6 : add **blacklist ipv6** to /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist. Another way of doing that is to turn off net-pf10 in /etc/modprobe.d/aliases: **alias net-pf-10 off**.
  * to get information on a module: /sbin/modinfo <name>

====== Miscellaneous system administration ======

===== Services =====

    * update links in rc.d: update-rc.d <name> defaults
    * remove: update-rc.d <name> remove 
    * to run a given command at startup, add it to /etc/init.d/rc.local

===== Syslog =====

Restart: kill -SIGNAL `cat /var/run/syslogd.pid` with signal=SIGHUP


===== Locale =====

To set (or reset) the locale, do :
<code>
dpkg-recondigure locales
</code>

==== Distribution ====

To know which distribution you are using (works for Ubuntu):
<code>
lsb_release -rd
</code>

or read **/etc/lsb-release**.

====== Library path ======

    * Modify /etc/ld.so.conf, add directory
    * launch ldconfig


====== Networking ======

===== Modify your hostname =====

Modify /etc/hostname and /etc/hosts. Reboot.

===== Static IP address =====

To set up a static IP address:
   * GUI: launch network-admin (Gnome menu: Destkop -> Administration -> Networking)
   * manually: 
      * for a permanent modification, 
         * write to /etc/network/interfaces
<code>
iface eth1 inet static
address <your IP address, e.g 192.168.x.y>
netmask <your mask, e.g 255.255.255.0>
gateway <your gateway, e.g 192.168.x.254>
</code>
         * restart the network: /etc/init.d/networking restart
      * for a temporary modification,
         * set up the interface: **ifconfig eth0 <your IP address>**
	 * set up the route: **route add default gw <your gateway>**
       

===== DHCP client =====

Make sure package dhcp-client is installed.

To set up DHCP for a client:
  * GUI: Gnome Desktop -> Applications -> System -> Networking: choose your network card and set it for DHCP.
  * manually: edit /etc/network/interfaces :
<code>
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp 
</code>

===== DNS =====

    * to modify the domain name: set /etc/hosts and /etc/resolv.conf (search)
    * to restart the DNS server: /etc/init.d/bind restart
    * DNS requests: dig @127.0.0.1 194.117.193.99 ANY
    * to resolve a name: host <name>

===== Network troubleshooting =====

To check a network configuration:
  * check interfaces: **ifconfig** should show available interfaces. Typically a loopback interface and an Ethernet interface. If an interface is down, set it back up with **ifconfig <interface name> up**
  * check IPv6 is not messing around your network configuration (that is. if you don't need IPv6 !):
     * check the ipv6 module is not running: **lsmod | grep ipv6**
     * the interfaces should not be configured for inet6: **ip a | grep inet6**
     * the hosts file need not include any IPv6 addess: check /etc/hosts
  * check the route: **/sbin/route -n**
  * check your DNS: **host <whatever name>** should display the IP addresses the name resolves too. If incorrect, check in /etc/resolv.conf
  * display active Internet connections: **netstat -nat**
  * display open ports: **netstat -tulp**


===== Proxies =====

<code>
export http_proxy=http://server:port
export ftp_proxy=ftp://server:port
</code>

Don't forget the "http://" or "ftp://"

For apt-get, if you need a proxy, add the following line to apt's configuration:
<code>
Acquire::http::Proxy "http://server:port";
</code>

===== Denying access =====

To deny an IP address put it in /etc/hosts.deny

===== Mail =====

  * MTA: postfix, sendmail...
  * MDA: procmail, dovecot, maildrop
  * MUA: mutt...

Postfix is the default MTA for Ubuntu. It does not include a POP3 or IMAP server (see dovecot)
Its main configuration files are located in /etc/postfix (main.cf). Use **postconf** for configuration.

To start, reload or stop postfix: /etc/init.d/postfix start (reload...). Be sure that sendmail is not running: /etc/init.d/sendmail stop

===== SSH =====

To use SSH:
  * SSH server: apt-get install openssh-server
  * SSH client: apt-get install openssh-client

Concerning one of the latest OpenSSL PRNG bugs, see [[http://wiki.debian.org/SSLkeys|here]].

To reconfigure SSH (and regenerate keys):
<code>
rm /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*
dpkg-reconfigure openssh-server
</code>

===== Sharing with NFS =====

To share a directory with NFS


==== Server Side ====

Make sure the following options are set in your kernel: CONFIG_NFS_FS, CONFIG_NFS_V3, CONFIG_NFSD and CONFIG_NFSD.
Also set CONFIG_NFS_FS=m
<code>
    CONFIG_NFS_V3=y
    # CONFIG_NFS_V3_ACL is not set
    CONFIG_NFS_V4=y
    CONFIG_NFS_DIRECTIO=y
    CONFIG_NFSD=m
    CONFIG_NFSD_V3=y
    # CONFIG_NFSD_V3_ACL is not set
    CONFIG_NFSD_V4=y
    CONFIG_NFSD_TCP=y
    CONFIG_NFS_COMMON=y
</code>

Get the necessary packages: 
<code>
apt-get install nfs-kernel-server
</code>

Set up file systems to export : /etc/exportsex: /mnt/mydir 192.168.128.0/24(rw,mp=/mntpoint,async)
mp: makes sure specified mount point is mounted

Update using command : exportfs -r

Check NFS is launched: rpcinfo -p: one must see statd, mountd & portmap. Otherwise, relaunch the nfs server daemon.
To allow acces to the system: 
<code>
/etc/hosts.allow
portmap : 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0  : allow
portmap : ALL : deny
</code>

==== Client side ====

apt-get install nfs-common portmap

try to mount the file system manually:
<code>
mount 192.168.0.2:/home /mnt/nfs
</code>

If it works, put it in /etc/fstab


==== Related web links ====

   * [[http://www.metaconsultancy.com/whitepapers/nfs.htm|Metaconsultancy]]
   * [[http://www.faqs.org/docs/Linux-HOWTO/NFS-HOWTO.html|NFS HOWTO]]


===== Samba =====

    * Necessary packages: samba, smbclient
    * Find out what shares are available on a given host: smbclient -L hostname -I <IP address>
    * access a given share: smbclient //hostsname/share-U yz -I <IP address> (or smbclient \\\\hostname\\sharename)
    * mount a share as a filesystem: mount -t smbfs -o username=yzo,password=xxx,ip=<IP address> //host/share /mnt/point
    * To share a Linux mount point with a host running Windows without any password:

<code>
        [share]
        ...
        guest ok = Yes
        ...
        [global]
        read only = No
        security = SHARE
</code>

   * Disable SWAT: disable localhost:901, in/etc/inetd.conf, then kill -1 inetd to restart.

===== Apache =====

==== Virtual Hosts ====

To set up multiple web servers on a same host, listening on different ports, set the Apache configuration as follows:

    * Listen <IP address>:<port> -> put as many such lines as necessary (one for each port)
    * Port 80 -> the default port to listen to
    * DocumentRoot /foo/bar -> the path of files for the default port
    * <Directory /foo/bar> -> describe options for the default document root path
    * </Directory>
    * NameVirtualHost <IP address>:<port> -> this defines another 'web' on another port

<code>
<VirtualHost IP address:8000>
Port 8000
</VirtualHost> 
</code>

==== PHP ====

To support PHP5 on Apache, do the following:
<code>
# aptitude install apache php5 libapache-mod-php5
# dpkg-reconfigure apache
# aptitude install php5-sqlite
</code>

==== XAMPP ====

An alternative to installing Apache, PHP, MySQL (etc) consists in using XAMPP, an all-in-one preconfigured package. XAMPP for Linux is typically installed in /opt/lampp and the daemon can be controlled using the command ./lampp (lampp start, stop, security...).

Configuration of the Apache, ProFTPD (etc) servers are in etc.
To authorize web pages for users, use mod_userdir.


====== X ======


===== xorg.conf =====

Xorg.conf needs to be configured in the following situations:

  * installation of the video card (refresh rates etc) !
  * support of Wacom Tablet
  * support of new fonts

===== Installing, configuring the X server =====

It's usually nice to install x-window-system-core and x-window-system to set up X Window.
Then, configure it using :
<code>
dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xfree86
</code>


Also check the file /etc/X11/XF86Config-4


===== restarting the X server =====

    * ctrl alt backspace

===== Disable XDM, KDM (etc) =====

To make sure XDM or KDM are not loaded at boot: remove files S99xdm and S99kdm in /etc/rc?.d

===== Automatic login =====

Run gdmsetup (as root) or in /etc/gdm/gdm.conf: 

<code>
AutomaticLoginEnable=true
AutomaticLogin=username
</code>

===== Using FVWM instead of KDE =====

In .xinitrc, put: 

<code>
xterm &    
fvwm  
</code>

===== XFCE4 =====

To enable Window Manager Tweaks:
  * modify wmtweaks.xml
<code>  
mousepad ~/.config/xfce4/mcs_settings/wmtweaks.xml
</code>
  * set 'Xfwm/UseCompositing' à 1.

Then, in Applications/ Settings/ Settings Manager, find "Window Manager Tweaks".

To lock the screen, XFCE4 relies on xscreensaver. If you want to use something else, modify the script /usr/bin/xflock4. For example, to use xlock:
<code>
xlock $*
</code>

===== X forwarding =====

A very common situation consists in logging on a distant host D from your local host L, using ssh. To get windows of D displayed on L is usually one of the first things you learn at school ;-) but it turns out sometimes it's more tricky.
Using SSH, this is how to do it:
edit /etc/ssh/ssh_config (or your own ssh config in ~/.ssh) and set
<code>
ForwardX11 no
ForwardX11Trusted yes
</code>
Then, from the prompt on L, do the following:
<code>
xhost + (or the host you want to allow)
ssh -X <address or name of D> -l <yourloginname>
</code>
That's all ! You do **not** need to set your display. All of this is explained [[http://www.cisl.ucar.edu/docs/ssh/guide/node29.html|here]], with nice hints to help you debug relunctant situations.

====== Fonts ======

I had awful fonts at first when going to my DokuWiki website. This has been easily fixed by installing new (and nice) fonts: the [[http://wiki.splitbrain.org/debianfonts|DebianFonts]] wiki explains it all (I'm copying what I did below, just in case their site disappears, but really, it's better to read their wiki !).

  * apt-get install defoma fontconfig ttmkfdir cabextract
  * update the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file
<code>
Section "Files"
        FontPath        "/var/lib/defoma/x-ttcidfont-conf.d/dirs/TrueType"
        FontPath        "/var/lib/defoma/x-ttcidfont-conf.d/dirs/CID"
        FontPath        "/usr/share/fonts/truetype"
        FontPath        "/usr/local/share/fonts/truetype"
        FontPath        "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/CID"
        FontPath        "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/Speedo"
        FontPath        "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc"
        FontPath        "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic"
        FontPath        "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi:unscaled"
        FontPath        "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi:unscaled"
        FontPath        "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/Type1"
EndSection
</code>
  * create /etc/fonts/local.conf
<code>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
<!-- /etc/fonts/local.conf file to configure system font access -->
<fontconfig>
  <dir>/usr/local/share/fonts</dir>
</fontconfig>
</code>
  * Download and install fonts:
<code>
# apt-get install xfonts-100dpi xfonts-100dpi-transcoded \
                   xfonts-75dpi xfonts-75dpi-transcoded \
                   xfonts-base xfonts-base-transcoded
# apt-get install ttf-bitstream-vera msttcorefonts ttf-junicode ttf-kochi-gothic ttf-kochi-mincho
# wget http://orwell.ru.nyud.net:8090/download/aruniupd.exe
# cabextract aruniupd.exe
# mkdir -p /usr/local/share/fonts/truetype/
# cp Arialuni.TTF /usr/local/share/fonts/truetype/
# wget http://www.languagegeek.com/font/absans.zip
# for font in *.zip; do unzip $font; done
# cp *.ttf /usr/local/share/fonts/truetype/
# cd /usr/local/share/fonts/truetype/
# mkfontscale
# mkfontdir
</code>

====== Debian packages ======

Finding the appropriate package that contains a given file: go to [[http://www.debian.org/distrib/packages|the Debian website]] and use the search engine.

===== Synaptic =====

Desktop -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager
apt-get mustn't be running. 

===== apt =====

A neat /etc/apt/sources.list:

<code>
# CDrom
deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 r1 _Etch_ - Official amd64 NETINST Binary-1 2007
0820-20:16]/ etch contrib main

# Standard
deb http://ftp.fr.debian.org/debian/ stable main contrib non-free

# Uncomment this to get packages from the testing distrib
#deb http://ftp.fr.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib non-free

# Security
deb http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates main contrib


# Uncomment if you want the apt-get source function to work
#deb-src http://security.debian.org/ etch/updates main contrib
</code>

  * update according to sources.list: apt-get update.
  * check for upgrades according to sources.list: apt-get upgrade
  * install: 
         * apt-get install pack*
         * install from a given distrib: apt-get install -t testing (or whatever) pack*
  * remove: apt-get remove pack* (does not remove configuration files -> use purge for that).
  * list a package's description: apt-cache show pack*
  * show information of a given package: apt-cache policy pack*
  * clean previously downloaded packages (stored in /var/cache/apt/archive): apt-get clean
  * get the name of package for a given command: **apt-cache search command**

If you get the error "The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available", then you should add the corresponding GPG key: 

  * get the key: gpg --keyserver wwwkeys.pgp.net --recv-keys <its ID>
  * add the key to apt: apt-key add key.txt


===== aptitude =====

Aptitude is said to resolve conflicts better than apt-get. My own experience is insufficient on that behalf.
Any way, aptitude's commands are very similar to apt-get: aptitude install pack*, aptitude update, aptitude upgrade, aptitude dist-upgrade...


===== dpkg =====

  * list: dpkg -l pack
  * contained files: dpkg -L pack
  * install: dpkg -i pack
  * check which package a file belongs to: dpkg -S file
  * reconfiguration: dpkg-reconfigure pack
  * force a given package whose architecture doesn't match the current one (useful to install 32-bit packages on 64-bit systems) : dpkg --force-architecture -i <package>


===== Creating a Debian package =====

    * apt-get install dh-make fakeroot
    * create directory of name of package (name-version, don't use any strange characters), in that directory put everything that should be in the package tar.gz that directory
    * in the directory: perform dh_make -e email -f ../the.tar.gz
    * this creates the debian directory
    * modify the control file, rules, etc.
    * modify the makefile of the package so it puts things in DESTDIR.
    * dpkg-buildpackage -r fakeroot
    * Read the contents of a debian package: dpkg --contents ../hello_1.0-1_all.deb
    * See also :
          o [[http://www.sukria.net/fr/libreast/#2|Sukria]]
          o [[http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-archive.html#s-sections|Debian policy]]
          o [[http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/ch-dother.en.html#s-docs|Debian maintenance manuals]]
          o [[http://linuxdevices.com/articles/AT8047723203.html|Linux Devices]]

===== Upgrading a distribution =====

Reading [[http://www.debian.org/releases/etch/i386/release-notes/ch-upgrading.en.html|recommendations of the Debian web site are a good start]]. Here is how I managed to upgrade from Sarge to Etch:

  * backup your system
  * modify /etc/apt/sources.list so that it mentions the new distribution.
  * aptitute update
  * aptitude upgrade
  * aptitude install initrd-tools
  * aptitude install x11-common libfam0 xlibmesa-glu
  * aptitude install linux-image-2.6-<flavor>
  * aptitude dist-upgrade
  * aptitude update
  * run aptitude update, upgrade, dist-upgrade until there's nothing left to update. I don't know why but I had to do it several times.

//Beware//: I managed to upgrade that way, but there are several other [[[[http://www.debian.org/releases/etch/i386/release-notes/ch-upgrading.en.html|recommendations]] on Debian's official web site. They may apply to your case.


====== Applications ======

==== Amarok ====

To synchronize music with the HTC Touch, 

  * install amarok
  * connect the mobile phone using WMStorage: the devices is mounted as a USB device (for e.g in /media/disk)
  * in amarok, configure it as a generic audio device. Connect it.

===== aterm =====

Afterstep terminal. Debian package: aterm. To launch a nice transparent terminal, try
<code>
aterm -tr -trsb -bg black -fg white -sh 40 -fade 25
</code>

===== EncFS =====

EncFS is a nice userland encrypted 'filesystem'. Although its security might not suit all cases, it is pretty handy is several situations. 

To install it,
<code>
apt-get install fuse-utils encfs
</code>

To create or open an encrypted disk:
<code>
encfs <encrypted path> <mountpoint>
</code>

To unmount an encrypted disk:
<code>
fusermount -u <mountpoint>
</code>

For more information regarding [[http://doc.ubuntu-fr.org/encfs|installation on Ubuntu, follow this link]].

===== Flash player =====

To install a flash player plugin on iceweasel, on a 64-bit architecture:

    * download the 32-bit flash plugin (64-bit plugin not available at this time)
    * install nspluginwrapper (not available from etch, get it from deb http://ftp.fr.debian.org/debian unstable main contrib non-free)
    * put libflashplayer.so and flashplayer.xpt in /usr/lib/iceweasel/plugins
    * nspluginwrapper -i /usr/lib/iceweasel/plugins/libflashplayer.so
    * restart iceweasel 

On a 32-bit architecture, it works just straight-away by following the links Firefox displays :-)

===== Gnome specifics =====

    * to set power management: Applications -> Debian -> Apps -> System -> Gnome -> Gnome Control Center, power management.
    * to set default browser and mailer: launch Gnome Control Center, preferred applications
    * for automatic login: Desktop -> Administration -> Login Windows Preferences -> Security -> enable automatic login

To install a screenlet, install the screenlet package:
<code>
sudo apt-get install screenlets
screenlets-manager &
</code>

In particular, I like the window list screenlet.

===== Java =====

To install Java (in /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.07)
<code>
sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jre sun-java6-plugin sun-java6-fonts
</code>

To configure the java plugin in Opera, locate libjava.so and put this path in Tools -> Preferences -> Advanced -> Content -> Java options.

References: [[http://wiki.osuosl.org/display/DEV/Java+on+Debian|Java on Debian]] (obsolete ? FIXME)

===== KPilot =====

Synchronizes your Palm with Kpilot, and Korganizer but only if it is open. 
If the Palm is connected to a serial port, try /dev/ttyS0 or /dev/ttyS1. 

===== Perl =====

To update Perl:
<code>
sudo perl -MCPAN -e shell
</code>

===== Pidgin =====

  * screen name: google talk login
  * Without/With SSL: disable/enable "require SSL/TLS"
  * Use GSSAPI kerberos 
      * port: 5222 
      * server: talk.google.com 
      * proxy: proxy.jabber.org:7777

==== Screenshots ====

Take a screenshot
<code>
$ xwd -root -out scrdump
</code>

View a screenshot
<code>
$ xwud -in scrdump 
</code>

===== Sudo =====

Ubuntu makes big use of //sudo//. There's a neat information page [[http://doc.ubuntu-fr.org/sudo|there]]. For instance, opening a terminal with superuser privileges is possible using the option -s: **sudo -s** and **exit** to leave that mode.

===== Skype =====

download the dynamic binary from Skype's website. It requires Qt 3.2, but works fine.

===== VirtualBox =====

To be able to launch VirtualBox, make sure to add your users to the vboxusers group.

===== VMWare =====

VMware is typically installed in /usr/bin. To uninstall it, run /usr/bin/vmware-uninstall.pl

Once installed, to get rid of GCC not found complaints:
<code>
sudo cp /usr/lib/libpng12.so.0 /usr/lib/vmware/lib/libpng12.so.0/
sudo cp /usr/lib/gcc/i486-linux-gnu/4.2.3/libgcc_s.so /usr/lib/vmware/lib/libgcc_s.so.1/libgcc_s.so.1
</code>

    * To configure VMWare: /usr/bin/vmware-config.pl
    * To run VMWare: /usr/bin/vmplayer for the VMWare Player, or /usr/bin/vmware for the VMWare Server.
    * To create a new VMWare guest: try EasyVMX (creates the vmx, preformats the disks), then install your OS in there.
    * For VMplayer to access the parallel port: chmod o+rw /dev/parport0
    * So that VMPlayer does not say it is occupied: rmmod lp

/Old: apt-get install linux-headers-2.6.18-5-amd64: needed to be able to rebuild a vmmon kernel module

===== Wget =====

aspirer un site: 
<code>
wget -m -k -p http://lesite
</code>

===== Wine =====

    * configuration of wine: winecfg
    * wine "c:\windows\notepad.exe"
    * winefile (a kind of explorer)


===== Interesting packages =====

  * dosfstools: necessary to format FAT32 partitions on Linux
  * encfs: encrypted file system in userland. Requires fuse-utils.
  * ia32-libs and lib32asound2: for 32-bit libs on 64-bit systems
  * iceweasel: replacement for firefox
  * icedove, enigmail: replacement for thunderbird
  * linux-headers-2.6.18-6-amd64 (or similar): to get your kernel headers.
  * libc6-dev: for C headers and libraries (required to compile !). To install the headers, libraries + make and dpkg-dev, install package build-essentials.
  * libieee1284 is necessary to use the parallel port as a user (not root) 
  * manpages-dev: necessary if you want manpages for things such as fopen !!!
  * openssh-server: for a SSH server
  * rsh-redone-server: rlogind
  * screenlets: the screenlet manager
  * xtightvncviewer: tight VNC client